Key Stage 2 Maths Topics

Years 3–6 (Ages 7–11)

Number and Place Value

• Reading and writing numbers up to millions

• Comparing and ordering numbers

• Rounding numbers

• Negative numbers

Addition and Subtraction

• Column addition and subtraction

• Mental arithmetic strategies

• Multi-step word problems

Multiplication and Division

• Times tables up to 12 × 12

• Long multiplication

• Long division

• Factors and multiples

Fractions, Decimals and Percentages

• Equivalent fractions

• Simplifying fractions

• Adding and subtracting fractions

• Converting fractions, decimals and percentages

Ratio and Proportion (introduced in Year 6)

• Simple ratio problems

• Scaling quantities

Measurement

• Time and timetables

• Money calculations

• Length, mass and capacity

• Perimeter, area and volume

Geometry

• Properties of 2D and 3D shapes

• Angles and angle measurement

• Symmetry and reflection

• Coordinates in the first quadrant

Statistics

• Reading tables and charts

• Bar charts and line graphs

• Interpreting data

Key Stage 3 Maths Topics

Years 7–9 (Ages 11–14)

Number

• Fractions, decimals and percentages

• Ratio and proportion

• Standard form

• Indices (powers and roots)

• Prime numbers and factors

Algebra

• Algebraic expressions

• Expanding brackets

• Factorising expressions

• Solving linear equations

• Sequences

• Graphs of linear functions

Geometry

• Angle rules (parallel lines, triangles, polygons)

• Pythagoras’ theorem

• Transformations (reflection, rotation, translation, enlargement)

• Area and perimeter

• Surface area and volume of 3D shapes

Trigonometry (introductory)

• Sine, cosine and tangent in right-angled triangles

Statistics

• Mean, median, mode

• Range

• Pie charts

• Scatter graphs

Probability

• Basic probability rules

• Probability scales

• Simple probability experiments

GCSE Maths Topics (Key Stage 4)

Years 10–11 (Ages 14–16)

GCSE Mathematics covers four main areas: Number, Algebra, Geometry & Measures, and Statistics & Probability.

Number

• Fractions, decimals and percentages

• Ratio and proportion

• Standard form

• Surds (Higher tier)

• Bounds and estimation

Algebra

• Expanding and factorising expressions

• Solving linear equations

• Simultaneous equations

• Quadratic equations

• Inequalities

• Sequences

• Algebraic graphs

• Functions

Geometry and Measures

• Angle rules and polygons

• Pythagoras’ theorem

• Trigonometry

• Circle theorems

• Transformations and vectors

• Surface area and volume

Statistics

• Histograms

• Cumulative frequency graphs

• Scatter graphs and correlation

• Sampling methods

Probability

• Tree diagrams

• Conditional probability

• Venn diagrams

• Expected outcomes